From: joedees@bellsouth.net
Date: Sat Sep 14 2002 - 19:57:21 MDT
On 14 Sep 2002 at 15:02, Archibald Scatflinger wrote:
>
> [joe]
> > Saddam Hussein has the history and propensity to use WMD's against
> > both iraq's neighbors and its own people; such a person cannot be
> > allowed to obtain nukes. Other nuclear nations (including Israel)
> > have not, since the US used nukes twice in Japan 57 years ago, shown
> > such a propensity (nor has the US, for that matter).
> > >
>
> [archibald]
>
> correct me if I am wrong but nuclear radiation is still cancer causing
> and highly deadly whether it is meant to kill anyone or not, right?
> http://nuketesting.enviroweb.org/hew/Usa/Tests/
>
Yes, we once foolishly tested them above ground (as have other
nuclear-capable nations), but since the Comprehensive Test-Ban
treaty, that doess not happen any more. They have not been detonated
in war against a foe in 57 years.
>
> 29. Total number of U.S. nuclear weapons tests, 1945-1992: 1,030
> (1,125 nuclear devices detonated; 24 additional joint tests with Great
> Britain)
>
> U.S. Department of Energy
>
> The Atmospheric Test Series
> Trinity - The First Nuclear Test
> Operation Year Location Number
> Trinity 1945 Alamagordo New Mexico 1
>
> The Post War Test Series
> Operation Year Location Number
> Crossroads 1946 Bikini Atoll 2
> Sandstone 1948 Enewetak Atoll 3
> Ranger 1951 Nevada Test Site 5
> Greenhouse 1951 Enewetak Atoll 4
> Buster-Jangle 1951 Nevada Test Site 7
> Tumbler-Snapper 1951 Nevada Test Site 7
> Ivy 1952 Enewetak Atoll 2
> Upshot-Knothole 1953 Nevada Test Site 11
> Castle 1954 Bikini Atoll
> Enewetak Atoll 6
> Teapot 1955 Nevada Test Site 14
> Wigwam 1955 Pacific Ocean 1
> Project 56 1955 Nevada Test Site 4
> Redwing 1956 Bikini Atoll
> Enewetak Atoll 17
> Plumbbob 1957 Nevada Test Site 30
> Project 58 1957 Nevada Test Site 2
> Project 58 A 1958 Nevada Test Site 2
> Hardtack I 1958 Bikini Atoll
> Enewetak Atoll
> Johnston Island 35
> Argus 1958 South Atlantic 3
> Hardtack II 1958 Nevada Test Site 37
> Nougat 1961-1962 Nevada Test Site 32
> Dominic
> (with Fishbowl) 1962 Christmas Island
> Johnston Island
> Central Pacific 36
> Storax
> (with Sunbeam and Roller Coaster) 1962-1963 Nevada Test Site
> Nellis Air Force Range 56
>
> Underground Tests at the Nevada Test Site
> 1963 to the present
> Overview of underground testing.
> Official List of Underground Nuclear Explosions (UNEs) in Nevada from
> Sandia National Laboratories (July, 1994).
>
> U.S. Test Locations
> The first test of a nuclear weapon was in the atmosphere on July 16,
> 1945, in a remote part of New Mexico on what was then the Alamogordo
> Bombing Range, and is now the White Sands Missile Range. The site is
> 55 miles northwest of Alamogordo, New Mexico. At various times between
> June 1946 and November 1962, atmospheric and underground tests were
> conducted by the United States in the Marshall Islands (known as the
> Pacific Proving Grounds or PPG), Christmas Island, Johnston Atoll in
> the Pacific Ocean, and over the South Atlantic Ocean. Between January
> 1951 and July 1962, atmospheric and underground nuclear tests were
> conducted in Nevada at the Nevada Test Site (NTS, originally called
> the Nevada Proving Grounds or NPG).
>
> Since July 1962, all nuclear tests conducted in the United States have
> been underground, and most of them have been at the NTS. Some tests
> were conducted on the Nellis Air Force Range (NAFR); in central and
> northwestern Nevada; in Colorado, New Mexico, and Mississippi; and on
> Amchitka, one of the Aleutian Islands off the coast of Alaska.
>
> 50 Facts About U.S. Nuclear Weapons
> - Except where noted all figures are in constant 1996 dollars -
> http://www.brook.edu/FP/PROJECTS/NUCWCOST/50.HTM
>
>
> 2. Total number of nuclear missiles built, 1951-present: 67,500
>
> U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project
>
> 5. Peak number of nuclear warheads and bombs in the stockpile/year:
> 32,193/1966
>
> Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project
>
> 6. Total number and types of nuclear warheads and bombs built,
> 1945-1990: more than 70,000/65 types
>
> U.S. Department of Energy; Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear
> Weapons Databook Project
>
> 7. Number currently in the stockpile (2002): 10,600 (7,982 deployed,
> 2,700 hedge/contingency stockpile)
>
> 17. States with the largest number of nuclear weapons (in 1999): New
> Mexico (2,450), Georgia (2,000), Washington (1,685), Nevada (1,350),
> and North Dakota (1,140)
>
> William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Joshua Handler, Taking Stock:
> Worldwide Nuclear Deployments 1998 (Washington, D.C.: Natural
> Resources Defense Council, March 1998)
>
> 18. Total known land area occupied by U.S. nuclear weapons bases and
> facilities: 15,654 square miles
>
> U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project
>
> 19. Total land area of the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, and
> New Jersey: 15,357 square miles
>
> Rand McNally Road Atlas and Travel Guide, 1992
>
> 22. Money and non-monetary compensation paid by the the United States
> to Marshallese Islanders since 1956 to redress damages from nuclear
> testing: at least $759,000,000
>
> U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project
>
> 23. Money paid to U.S. citizens under the Radiation Exposure and
> Compensation Act of 1990, as of January 13, 1998: approximately
> $225,000,000 (6,336 claims approved; 3,156 denied)
>
> U.S. Department of Justice, Torts Branch, Civil Division
>
>
> 40. Number of high level radioactive waste tanks in Washington, Idaho
> and South Carolina: 239
>
> U.S. Department of Energy
>
> 41. Volume in cubic meters of radioactive waste resulting from weapons
> activities: 104,000,000
>
> U.S. Department of Energy; Institute for Energy and Environmental
> Research
>
> 42. Number of designated targets for U.S. weapons in the Single
> Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) in 1976, 1986, and 1995: 25,000
> (1976), 16,000 (1986) and 2,500 (1995)
>
> 44. Number of U.S. nuclear bombs lost in accidents and never
> recovered: 11
>
> U.S. Department of Defense; Center for Defense Information;
> Greenpeace; "Lost Bombs," Atwood-Keeney Productions, Inc., 1997
>
> 50. Estimated 1998 spending on all U.S. nuclear weapons and
> weapons-related programs: $35,100,000,000
>
> U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project
>
>
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